비교급
A. 원급을 이용한 비교구문
1. as --- as 구문
This peach is as sweet as that one. (이 복숭아는 저 복숭아 만큼 달다.) She is as clever as (she is) beautiful. (그녀는 아름다운 만큼이나 총명하기도하다.) Jack has as many girl friends as his brother (has) (잭은 그의 형만큼 여자 친구가 많다.) |
핵심: "---만큼 ---하다"는 뜻으로 동등비교를 나타낸다.
주의: as---as 에서 뒤의 as 이하는 뜻이 분명할 때 생략할 수 있다.
He reads fast, but my brother reads as fast(as he does).
(그는 빨리 읽는다. 그러나 나의 동생도 그 만큼 빨리 읽는다.)
참고: as---as 의 부정은 not as(=so)---as 이다.
He is not as big as I.
(그는 나만큼 몸집이 크지 않다.)
No other boy is as studious as John.
(그 어떤 소년도 존만큼 열심히 공부하지 않는다.)
Nothing upset me so much as that he had quite forgotten me.
(그가 나를 완전히 잊어버렸다는 것만큼 나를 기분 나쁘게하는 것은
없다.)
2. ∼ times as 원급 as의 배수 표현
George is twice as old as Jane. Our city is half as large as hers. (우리 시는 그녀의 시의 반이다.) This is one-third as long as that. (이것은 저것의 길이의 1/3이다.) |
핵심: 배수를 나타낼 때는 「배수사(또는 분수) + as --- as」구문을 사용한다.
주의: 다음의 배수 표현을 알아 두자.
ⓐThis building is three times as high as that one.
= ⓑThis building is three times higher than that one.
= ⓒThis building is three times the height of that one.
( 이 건물은 저 건물보다 3 배가 높다.)
참고: ⓐ가 가장 일반적이며 ⓑ도 많이 쓰이고 있으나 비문법적이라고 말하는 사람도 있다. ⓒ는 high⇒height 로 바뀌는데 유의 해야한다.
따라서 large, big⇒ size, long ⇒ length 등으로 바뀐다.
3. as ∼as 주어 + can
Be as kind to her as you can. ⇒Be as kind to her as possible. (될 수 있으면 그녀에게 친절하라.) He did the job as quickly as he could. ⇒He did the job as quickly as possible. (그는 될수록 빨리 그 일을 하였다.) |
핵심: as ---as 주어 + can 구문에서 주어는 앞에 있는 주어와 일치시킨다. 시제도 앞에 있는 시제와 일치시킨다.
4. as ---as any 구문
Iron is as useful as any other metal. (철은 어떤 금속만큼 유용하다.) She is as diligent as any other girl in the class. (그녀는 그반에서 제일 근면하다.) |
핵심: as ----as any 는 「---에게 못지 않게」 라는 뜻으로 「가장---하다」는 뜻으로 최상급의 의미르 갖고 있다.
주의: as ---as any 뒤에는 명사가 온다.
5. as ---as ever 구문
A. He is as idle as ever. (그는 여전히 게으르다.) I feel as well as ever. (나는 여전히 건강하다.) B. He is as great a dramatist as ever lived. ⇒He is the greatest dramatist that ever lived. (그는 지금까지 주에서 가장 훌륭한 극작가이다.) He is as young a teacher as (any that) ever taught here. (그는 여기에서 가르친 사람 주에서 가장 어린 사람이다.) |
핵심: A 처럼 「as ---as ever」는 「여전히」라는 뜻이며, B 의「as ---as ever----」는 「가장---하다」는 최상급의 뜻이다.
주의: B의 ever 뒤에는 동사가 온다.
참고: as ---as any + 명사
She was as beautiful as any woman in the village.
(그녀는 이 마을에 있는 어떤 여인에 못지 않게 예쁘다.)
6. as good as 구문
The used car is as good as new. (그 중고차는 새것이나 마찬가지다.) He was as good as dead after so much exercise. (그는 운동을 많이 해서 죽은거나 마찬가지의 상태이다.) |
핵심: as good as=almost, practically : 「거의 ---나 마찬가지」란 뜻이다.
7. Not so much A as B
=Not A so much as B His success is not so much by talent as by energy. (그의 성공은 재능에의해서라기 보다는 노력에 의해서다.) A man's worth lies not so much in what he has as in what he is. (사람의 값어치는 재산보다는 사람 됨됨이에 있다.) |
핵심: Not so much A as B: A 보다는 B에 있다.
8. Not so much as 구문
He took my umbrella without so much as asking. (그는 묻지도 않고 나의 우산을 가져갔다.) He did not so much as ask us to sit down. (그는 우리에게 앉으라는 말도 하지 않았다.) He spoke for hours without so much as a drink of water. (그는 물 한잔도 마시지 않고 몇 시간 동안 말을 하였다.) |
핵심: not so much as=not even
without so much as= without even
「---조차도 없이 ---하다」의 뜻이다.
9. As many as, As much as
He reads as many as twenty books every week. (그는 매주 20 권이나 되는 많은 책을 읽는다.) He paid as much as a hundred dollars for it. (그는 그것 값으로 100 딸라나 지불하였다.) |
핵심: as many as 는 수에 쓰이며, as much as 는 양에 쓰인다. 뜻은 모두 「---만큼이나 많이」 의 뜻이다.
10. As many, As much
I waited for fifteen minutes----they seemed as many hours. (나는 15분 동안 기다렸으나 그 15분은 15시간처럼 생각되었다.) Here is ten dollars, and I have as much at home. (여기 10 달러가 있고, 집에 또 10 달러가 있다.) |
핵심: as many는 수에 쓰이고, as much는 양에 쓰인다. 모두 「같은 수의」 같은 양의」의 뜻이다.
11. As well as, ---as well 구문
He has experience as well as knowledge. (그는 지식 뿐만 아니라 경험도 갖고 있다.) She was good as well as beautiful. (그녀는 아름답기도 하고 친절도 하였다.) Jim speaks not only Spanish but Russian as well (=too). (짐은 스페인어 뿐만 아니라 러시아말도 한다.) |
핵심: A as well as B는 「B 뿐만아니라, A 까지도」 의 뜻이고 as well은 「역시」의 뜻이다.
12. as --- as can be: 더할 나위 없이
He is as poor as (poor) can be. = He is as poor as anything. (그는 더할나위 없이 가나하다.) |
13. as ----as 를 이용한 비유 표현
다음 표현들은 「매우 ---한」의 뜻이다.
as big as a house(집처럼 큰)
as black as ink/the ace of spades(잉크처럼 검은)
as blind as a bat(박쥐처럼 눈먼)
as brave as a lion(사자처럼 용감한)
as bright as button(단추처럼 밝은⇒매우 총명한)
as busy as bee(벌처럼 바쁜)
as cheap as dirt(먼지처럼 값싼)
as clean as a whistle(휘파람처럼 깨끗한)
as clear as a bell(종소리 처럼 맑은)
as cunning as a fox(여우처럼 교활한)
as cool as a cucumber(오이처럼 냉냉한)
as dead as a doornail(못처럼 죽어 있는)
as deaf as a post(기둥처럼 귀먹은)
as deep as the ocean(바다처럼 깊은)
as dry as dust(먼지처럼 메마른⇒아주 지겨운)
as dull as a dishwater(개숫물 처럼 무미한)
as easy as falling off a log(나무에서 떨어지는 것처럼 쉬운)
as easy as pie(파이처럼 쉬운⇒ 아주쉬운)
as fat as a pig(돼지처럼 뚱뚱한)
as flat as a pancake(팬케이크처럼 납작한)
as free as a bird(새처럼 자유로운)
as fresh as a daisy(데이지처럼 신선한)
as good as gold(금처럼 좋은)
as happy as a lark(종달새처럼 행복한)
as hard as a rock(바위처럼 단단한)
as hard as nails(못처럼 단단한⇒ 아주 건장한)
as high as a kite(연처럼 높은)
as hungry as a wolf(늑대처럼 굼주린)
as keen as mustard(겨자처럼 강렬한)
as light as a feather(깃털처럼 가벼운)
as neat as a pin(핀처럼 단정한)
as nervous as a cat(고양이처럼 불안한)
as old as brass(고관들처럼 뻔뻔스런⇒아주 뻔뻔스런)
as poor as church mouse(교회 쥐처럼 가난한
as pretty as a picture(그림처럼 예쁜)
as pretty as picture(그림처럼 예쁜)
as proud as peacock(공작새처럼 뽐내는)
as qiet as a mouse(쥐처럼 조용한)
as quick as a wink/flash(윙크처럼 빠른)
as quick as lightning(번개처럼 빠른)
as red as a beet(사탕무우처럼 빨간)
as smooth as a billiard, ball(공처럼 부드러운)
as soft as a pillow(벼개처럼 부드러운)
as strong as a ox(황소처럼 강한)
as thick as a pea soup(콩죽처럼 텁텁한)
as tight as a drum(북처럼 단단한)
as ugly as sin(죄와 같이 추한)
as warm as toast(빵처럼 따뜻한)
as weak as a kitten(고양이 새끼처럼 약한)
as white as a sheet(쉬트처럼 하얀)
B. 비교급을 이용한 구문
1. 동일인의 비교
She was more clever than pretty. (그녀는 예쁘다기보다는 좀 똑똑했다. ) His mother is more kind than intelligent. (그의 어머니는 지적이라기보다는 친절하시다.) |
핵심: 동일인이나 동일물을 비교할 경우 -- er 형태를 쓰지 않고 언제나 「more +형용사」의 형태를 쓴다.
참고: 다음의 보기처럼 두 사람을 비교할 때는 ---er의 비교급을 사용한다.
--------서로 다른 사람---
| |
She was cleverer than her sister.
-----서로 다른 사람------
| |
His mother is kinder than his siter.
2. The + 비교급 + of the two
She is the taller of the two(그녀는 둘 중 키가 더 크다) |
핵심: 「the +비교급」은 뒤에 둘 중에서를 나타내는 「of the two, of A and B」 등이 있을 때 사용한다.
참고: 「of the two」가 없으면 「the」가 붙지 않는다.
She is taller than her sister.
Which is taller, she or her sister?
3. The + 비교급, the + 비교급: ---할수록 점점 더 ---하다
The more you earn, the more you spend. | (더 많이 벌 수록 더 많이 쓴다.) |
